History of Japan

Japan was founded in the seventh century BC by the ancestral Emperor Jimmu. Over the centuries V and VI, Chinese calligraphy and Buddhism was introduced, along with other Chinese customs through the Korean peninsula or directly from China. Formal decision of the Emperor, but the real power was held by powerful court nobles, rulers, or shogun (military governors). During the sixteenth century, traders came from Portugal, Holland, England and Spain to Japan and founded Christian missions. In the seventeenth century, the shogunate was suspected of emissions, whereas a precursor of military conquest by European forces. As a precaution, Japan ended all relations with the outside world, except for limited contacts with Chinese and Dutch traders in Nagasaki. This isolation lasted for 251 years until 1854, when U. S. Commodore Matthew Perry forced the opening of Japan to the West with the Treaty of Kanagawa.

Japanese history can be divided into 5 main periods

Prehistory

The emergence of the human species throughout the Japanese archipelago took place in the Paleolithic, about 30,000 or 40,000 years. Many remnants of confirmations 25,000 years ago. This period was the key. We know that all people of the archipelago from the Jomon period, which began about 12,000 years ago. The culture of the Jomon people were the same in all the islands of Hokkaido to Okinawa. There were hunting, fishing, picking fruit or grains, and thanks to a first cereal agriculture. One characteristic of this culture is the Jomon pottery, named for the design of the rope on its surface. During the Yayoi period, the Japanese archipelago has been influenced by foreign cultures, such as northern Siberia, southern Taiwan, the Philippines and the outer islands’ s Pacific, the largest of the West, from the Korean peninsula and mainland China. The Yayoi period began with the importation of culture technique and irrigation of rice in Korea or China. It is assumed that at the beginning of this period was during the third century before Christ. The new lifestyle quickly extinguished in Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu. Historians of ancient China was called the Wa area. They noted that the small kingdoms Wa tributary empire was in the first century and the next rule in the third century. Yamata koku (Koku = country) of the third century was a confederation of many smaller countries, but its scope is the subject of debate among historians.
But residents in Hokkaido and northern Honshu have not adopted the system of rice habitat for cold water. The village is called Emishi, Ezo, or the Ainu (Ainu or Japanese). The Zokujomon period (Jomon below) continued until the seventh century in Japan.
The people of Okinawa has been influenced by the Yayoi culture. But it took the rice and water-dependent marine products. Kaizuka period lasted until the twelfth century in Okinawa. Kofun Tombs called former local leaders in Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu. In the Kofun period, from the third century to the seventh century, Kofun showed the emergence of local political power. The various forms of Kofun and the like considered as a sign of martial Yamato, USA, Japan. However, there are different opinions about the fact that this period was a sign of local autonomy.

Japan Senior Citizens

Chinese historians recorded that a number of kings of Wa, as conquerors of many countries wanted the approval of hegemony over Korea the fifth century Nihon Shoki, written history in the eighth century, a detailed documentation of the time. However, scholars disagree about the reliability of Shoki.
In the fifth or sixth century, Buddhism and Confucianism in China and Korea. The government received and protected Yamato Buddhism as a new religion.
The people of Okinawa and Hokkaido, was not influenced by the Kofun culture.
Asuka period until the end of the sixth century, the royal power was consolidated. The buildings are moved each time a new king was on the throne. Through reforms in China, developed a system connected to the bureaucratic system of the clan. The main clans of the royal family and built a Buddhist temple. The buildings and sculptures are an example of religious art from the first advanced civilization in Japan.
The Korean peninsula, Japan (WA) and the forces of Korea (Baekje) have joined and fought against China (Tang Dynasty | Tang) and another Korean (Silla). The Japanese army was defeated by Tang at the Battle of Hasusuki And no, 663 Japan has lost its influence in Korea after the war. The exiles who fled the devastating Baekje territory went to Japan. Wa changed its name to Nippon (Japan) during this period, and has urged its roots and emperors.

Japan Nara Period

710 was introduced in the new capital of Nara. The level and distribution of the city was an imitation of those used in cities chinas.En the Nara period, the code (Ritsuryō) and political institutions on various aspects of the economy and society. State records did. These officials were handling the handling of documents in the central and local agencies under the code. The powerful and the royal family clan monopolized the top of the hierarchy. The Fujiwara clan was the most important. Often the boats were sent to Tang diplomats and students to learn from the institutions, religions and culture in China. Residents in northern Hokkaido and Honshu called Emishi. Between Japan and the tribes Emishi repeated wars.

Japan Heian

The capital was moved in 794 of the new capital of Heian (Heian-kyo), known as the Kyoto today. Japan intensified its invasion of the area Emishi late eighth and early ninth century, but abandoned the conquest on the road against the resistance. The tribe has been considered Emishi independitentes gradually until the end of the Heian period of conflict between local influentials. Throughout the period of Nara and early Heian period, Chinese influence on Japanese culture was very strong. Senere, og omkring den NienD tends århundrede, kultur japansk udviklede med tegn, og deres nåede et af højdepunkt civilization.

Japan Medieval

However, the militarism in the areas north of Yamato, in constant war with the Ainu in northern waters, a violent civil war years 1156th Seguidilla that after a war that brought great instability and the overall process (Shogun) have achieved a high profile. Last year General Minamoto Yorimoto 1183 Kyoto took by force and threatened Mikado, who has appointed shogun by the allocation of mandates. In practice, even the Mikado remained in office, has been reduced to a purely decorative, while the Shogun, which would have a government position until the 1867th
About death Yorimoto shogunate fell to his political family, Hojo, why this period is known as more or less arbitrarily or Hojo shogunate Minamoto Shogunate. After a mass uprising three years (between 1333 and 1336), was killed Hojo and power passed to the Ashikaga family. Shogun Ashikaga guaranteed unwelcome “for peace with the daimyo, feudal Japanese nobility problems had semiindependizarse central power was broken and a new row broke out civil war. The Ashikaga were able to maintain anything more than a century in power, but ultimately, the last member of the family was ousted in late 1588th sixteenth century, a series of military leaders (Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu) has launched a wave of devastating wars in less than a quarter of United century throughout the Japanese archipelago under the auspices of the Tokugawa family. Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan for regular peace between 1604 and 1867, thanks to continued repression Tokuwaga Ieyasu and his successors put a rebel Daimyo. break and a new row erupted civil war. The Ashikaga

Japan  Modern Age

At the end of the Ashikaga, Europeans first arrived in Japan, are trying to introduce Christianity, and attempts to define commercial buildings. After an initially tepid response, Ieyasu considered the new religion violated Japanese law and unleashed a bitter persecution, which was a symbolic milestone in thirteen martyrs crucified in Nagasaki, 1595th year in the following years, drove the Tokugawa merchants all Westerners in Japan, with the exception of the Netherlands, which enabled them to remain on the island Deshimi, near Tokyo, compared with almost total isolation (this should be an expression of a Spanish captain said that one of the Daimyo ” the Spanish managed to conquer the world by sending the monks of the land to conquer, and the subsequent internal support of the Catholic faith seems to dominate the ground with a handful of Spanish soldiers).
General Tokugawa period was largely peaceful. However, Japanese culture was sterile deep. Japan underwent a process of “returning to the roots”, as expressed in the revival of ancestor worship, to form the semi-religious turmoil under the name of Shinto. However, this idyllic peace was broken in 1853 when Captain USA Matthew Perry entered Tokyo Bay with four gunboats, and threatening to bomb the Japanese ports, Shogun Tokugawa forced trade concessions scandal. Faced with the dilemma of the West, or perish there were intensive negotiations, but finally Mikado, for about seven centuries before the power of the Shogun, who took the reins of the problem. In 1867, the Mikado Meiji Tenno assumed the government, which sets the last Tokugawa Shogun, and enthusiasm for the reforms of the Meiji era when Japan was transformed into a Westernized state in a few decades.
For a long period, had resumed contacts with the West to changes in Japanese society. The shogunate was forced to resign and the flow was returned to the emperor. The Meiji Restoration of 1868 initiated many reforms. The feudal system was abolished, and numerous Western institutions were adopted, including a Western legal system and government, along with other reforms in the economic, social and military, which has made Japan into a global communications medium high level. Due to the Sino-Japanese War and Russian-Japanese War, Japan annexed Taiwan, Korea and other areas of their growing empire.

Empire of Japan after

In 1947 a constitution more liberal court, while the Mikado as a symbol of national unity in Japan. Peace was officially signed in 1951 and years ended U.S. military occupation in Japan. Country and then began a major effort to modernize the economy, which forced them to become major producers of technology, and become the world’s economic superpowers.
In 1905, Japan was the victory in the Russo-Japanese War, and thereby achieve a final and the only world power in Asia. Japan has been strongly influenced by the expansionist policies of his militia, which led to the invasion of Manchuria, triggering a second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in December 1941 that led the country in North America to declare war against Japan during World War II. After a long campaign in the Pacific, Okinawa and Japan lost was forced to retreat to the four main islands. The U.S. Army attack Tokyo, Osaka and other cities in the conventional and strategic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with two atomic bombs. Japan finally agreed to unconditional surrender to the U. S. Army August 15, 1945 ending the war.
Conflict, the U.S. Army Japanese occupied the territory until 1952, under which Japan will launch an economic recovery is very important that prosperity returned archpiélago Andalusia. Okinawa was occupied until 1972, leaving a large U.S. military base on the island.
Nel 1995 il 6433 Kobe earthquake uccide di persone. That very year, the Supreme Truth sect, has organized several attacks in the Tokyo subway, killing 27 people.

Japan  Current

To the west of Japan increased its need for raw materials. Moreover, Japanese nationalism grown around the figure of the Mikado. These circumstances pitted China and Japan in the Sino-Japanese War and Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, he gained control of the island of Sakhalin. During the First World War, Japan joined the Allied side, militarily and occupied the islands of Oceania, which belonged to Germany, without doubt, after the peace accords. These islands have been the basis of what the Japanese wanted to be a large empire of the sea. It invaded Manchuria in 1933, the creation of Manchukuo, to continue after its invasion of China in 1937. This militaristic expansion is carried out with U.S. interests, so that the relationship between the two countries cooled. 1941 Japanese attack U.S. the port of Pearl Harbor, which led them to confront the Second World War, which ended up losing after the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by two bombs. Japan capitulated, and the Mikado was forced to abandon his claim to divinity.